Yes, with modern wiring and the right prep. Standard NM-B (Romex) cable can be surrounded by foam, but junction boxes stay accessible, recessed lights in an insulated ceiling must be IC-rated airtight fixtures, and live knob-and-tube wiring must be retired before any insulation encloses it.
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The electrical code already expects insulation around ordinary cable. NM-B conductors carry a 90-degree rating, but the code holds the cable's ampacity to the 60-degree column, which leaves headroom for runs through insulated walls and attics; extra derating only comes into play when several cables are bundled through one sealed hole or bunched together in insulation, and an electrician avoids that by spacing the runs. The real trouble in Greater Cincinnati houses comes from older equipment. Knob-and-tube wiring, still found in pre-war houses in Hyde Park, Norwood, Covington, Newport, and Bellevue, was designed to shed heat into open air, and the National Electrical Code bars it from hollow walls, ceilings, and attics insulated with loose, rolled, or foamed-in-place material that envelops the conductors; home insurers often ask about it too, so any live knob-and-tube in the spray zone is retired before foam goes in. Recessed cans are the second issue. Ohio's residential code requires recessed fixtures in the thermal envelope to be IC-rated and labeled for no more than 2.0 cfm of air leakage, so older non-IC cans are swapped for IC-rated airtight housings or LED wafer fixtures before the attic is sealed. Junction boxes must stay reachable: foam goes around a box with its cover on, never inside it, and splices that were buried in old insulation get moved into a proper box. Bath fans, doorbell transformers, and lighting transformers sitting in the attic are relocated or boxed so they are not buried. A sensible order for an older house: an electrician walks the attic and basement, anything that cannot be insulated is replaced or disconnected, and then the foam goes in. If the house has plaster walls and wall foam is on the table, the same survey decides which bays can be filled; see injection foam for older Cincinnati walls and, for the attic side, attic spray foam.